Currently, the role of vitamin D supplementation, and the optimal vitamin D dose and status, is a subject of debate, because large interventional studies have been unable to show a clear benefit (in mostly vitamin D replete populations). Deaths via renal or cardiovascular failure have been reported.Vitamin D testing and the use of vitamin D supplements have increased substantially in recent years. With appropriate therapy, recovery is the usual outcome when no permanent damage has occurred. Other reported therapeutic measures include dialysis or the administration of citrates, sulfates, phosphates, corticosteroids, EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and mithramycin via appropriate regimens. A loop diuretic (furosemide or ethacrynic acid) may be given with the saline infusion to further increase renal calcium excretion. Intravenous saline may quickly and significantly increase urinary calcium excretion. The first step should be hydration of the patient. Hypercalcemic crisis with dehydration, stupor, coma, and azotemia requires more vigorous treatment. The treatment of hypervitaminosis D with hypercalcemia consists of immediate withdrawal of the vitamin, a low calcium diet, generous intake of fluids, along with symptomatic and supportive treatment. Decline in the average rate of linear growth and increased mineralization of bones in infants and children (dwarfism).

Bone demineralization (osteoporosis) in adults occurs concomitantly. Widespread calcification of the soft tissues, including the heart, blood vessels, renal tubules, and lungs.Impairment of renal function with polyuria, nocturia, polydipsia, hypercalciuria, reversible azotemia, hypertension, nephrocalcinosis, generalized vascular calcification, or irreversible renal insufficiency which may result in death.Hypercalcemia with anorexia, nausea, weakness, weight loss, vague aches and stiffness, constipation, mental retardation, anemia, and mild acidosis.The effects of administered vitamin D can persist for two or more months after cessation of treatment.

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